Chemical element mercury him the symbol Hg and atomic number 80 in the periodic table, a silvery liquid, its density (13.54 g / cm 3), freezes Silver-colored diagonal bluer resembles lead in appearance and when (-38.9 ° C), and boils at (356.9 ° C) .
When the passage of an electric spark in mercury vapor, emits flashing dazzling, and ultraviolet light.
At a temperature (-269 ° C) becomes the mercury density - Note here that the degree of (-271 degrees Celsius is the degree of cumulus clouds heat left over from a cosmic explosion that launches microwave background radiation of the universe (C.M.B.).
And thus becomes the Mercury (conductor superior) - ie zero resistance to electric current; while the degree of absolute zero temperature is (-273.16 degrees Celsius), a temperature at which the stop motion of molecules.
The capacity is normal to superconducting state does not only lie in the lack of resistance to electrical current, but also in the production of intense magnetic fields without the use of iron hearts of files, as electricity can be stored inside.
Date
He does not know who discovered but it was known to the ancient Egyptians and Chinese, Hindus, Greeks and Roman.okadd called in ancient mythology Romania (courier rapid gods). And the word mercury parsed Zیoh Persian, [1] [2] and others like ژیoh and Jیoh. Alzawouk was also called, and hit him in the ideals of gravity. [3] Biruni has mentioned in his book Aljmaher to know the gems and allocated a portion.
And the language is said about the mercurial person if many evasion. [4]
Isotopes of mercury amended
Mercury ten matches, seven of them stable, then the match is unstable, and produce two equals negative beta rays, and one of these two isotopes industrial and these isotopes are:
(80 bugs 196), a peer-existence in nature 0.1%, (80 bugs 198), a peer-existence in the nature of 10%, (80 bugs 199), (80 bugs 200), (80 bugs 201), (80 bugs 202), and (80 bugs 204); all of stable isotopes in nature.
(80 bugs 197) isotope is unstable in nature, which turns into gold, as follows:
80 bugs> 79 y 197 +1 u 0
(80 bugs 203) match normally radiates rays negative beta, (80 bugs 205) isotope industrial radiates also rays negative beta; The isotope natural Cunha Silver tends to color gray dark, while the isotope industrial Venzirh tends to color red mercury oxide with being a means of Mittal.
Mercury irradiated are two type of Russian industrial radioactive isotope is, the type of Pharaonic Egyptian said about him, a kind of natural radioactive, but separated Kthavia very pure. Gram and up to $ 300,000 in it as he was talking about some of the wretched.
Mercury and water
Until now, scientists did not discover that the human body needs for any amount of mercury, on the contrary, it is highly toxic and accumulates in the brain where they may cause the destruction of the nervous system. Therefore it advised to avoid contact with mercury and have him in the hand and also advised to avoid approaching him to avoid the inhalation of mercury vapor as it is fast evaporation. An estimated half-life of mercury in the brain for 230 days and the rest of the body 70 days.
Mercury poses the biggest polluter of the waters of the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and the strange thing is that a large part of this pollution comes from nature itself and not from industrial waste. Vsnuya prostrates as estimated by some specialists between 4000 and 10,000 tons of mercury into the sea .40% of which almost a ton of natural causes such as volcanoes and natural sculpture of rocks containing mercury and the rest of the industrial waste, especially the burning of garbage and consumption of coal and the manufacture of cement
Like water, the mercury evaporates and spreads with the air has to travel to far away places, but in the end is deposited in the seas, lakes, and here lies the problem because fish absorb this metal to Atkhozn in her body.
Prepare mercury
Attends mercury by heating the mercury sulfide (Hg
Recovery of mercury
Extracted mercury from cinnabar cinnabar, which is the raw material of which draws a mercury sulfide, and has multiple colors ranging from crimson and bright red and yellow. And it was used by alchemists Arabs for mercury. Heated vermilion in a special oven go through it a stream of air, reacts oxygen with sulfur component gas sulfur dioxide, which begins and stays mercury in the oven and formed mercury oxide HgO during the mercury presence of hot air, and wait, because if you make up mercury oxide disintegration of heat directly to the oxygen and mercury.
Mercury product in this way is not a pure habit, so filters through the skin Dhabi mountain chamois leather to get rid of the dirt material therein. To get rid of the substances dissolved in the mercury must be distilled and distilled water, purified in the laboratory by pouring Guttat him through a long column of nitrogen extended acid.
Uses
Mercury several properties that make it useful. Ones that mercury expands and contracts regularly, and it remains on its liquid state in a wide range of temperatures. Distinguish these traits has led to its use in thermometers industry.
And mercury conductor of electricity, and is used in the manufacture of some electrical switches and connectors where parts makes it work is the noise and efficiently. It uses mercury producers of chemical industries in the electrolysis cells in order to change the electrolyte material. Mercury vapor is also used in the manufacture of incandescent bulbs, because it radiates light when electric current passing through it.
For many alloys (a mixture of metals) Mercury numerous uses. Called alloys that contain mercury Palmmelgmat, which includes amalgamated silver that contains silver and mercury. And that dentists use for teeth filling the gaps. Many dry batteries also contain amalgamated zinc, cadmium, so as to prevent impurities from reducing electrical cell life. See: Almljm, alloy.
Subscriptions
Mercury in small amounts in the earth's crust compared to other other metals. Despite the lack of his presence, but the sediment that contain mercury by large quantities of this material, making it exists in abundance. Most of the mercury that people used comes from the ore called cinnabar. For pure mercury, heated liquidators of mercury ore cinnabar in
Physical and chemical properties
Mercury means of silvery white color and is the only metal that exists in liquid state at normal temperatures. Freezes in class -38.87 Q and boil in 358 degree C and a density of 13.6 g / cm 3, and mercury vapor has no color does not transmit electricity, a poisonous. It must not exceed the mercury vapor with air at 0.1 mg / m3. In the liquid state is the transmission of heat and electricity. The most familiar metals dissolve in the mercury composed Almlagm amalgams, but platinum is difficult Tmelgmh, while iron Vimelgm indirectly.
Mercury is not affected by air or other gases in the more normal temperatures, so is used to collect soluble in water gases. If Preheat the mercury to a